What type of engine feature is designed to relieve excess pressure directly to the oil pan?

The oil pressure control valve is specifically designed to manage the engine's oil pressure. When the oil pressure in the engine exceeds a predetermined level, the oil pressure control valve opens to relieve the excess pressure. This function is crucial in preventing potential damage to engine components that can occur if the oil pressure remains excessively high.

By routing the excess oil back to the oil pan, the oil pressure control valve helps maintain optimal oil pressure levels within the engine's lubrication system. This ensures that the engine operates effectively, maintaining efficient lubrication and cooling, which are critical for engine longevity and performance.

In contrast, the other options do not serve this purpose. While the bearing cap supports the crankshaft and provides a surface for the main bearings, the oil cooler is responsible for cooling the oil but does not relieve pressure. The oil filter, on the other hand, removes contaminants from the engine's oil but has no role in pressure management. Hence, the oil pressure control valve is the correct feature for relieving excess pressure directly to the oil pan.